Bridge waterproofing operations are an important part of the road and bridge construction system, and the overall construction process is rather complex. To ensure the quality of bridge waterproofing construction and avoid serious quality problems during its operation, more attention should be paid to bridge waterproofing construction. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research and grasp the technical key points to ensure the quality of project construction. This article discusses the significance of bridge waterproofing operations in road and bridge engineering, analyzes the technical key points of bridge waterproofing construction, and studies the construction quality control measures.

1. The Significance of Bridge Waterproofing

1.1 Prolonging the Service Life of Bridges

Road and bridge structures have a specific service life. After they are put into operation, they will be affected by factors such as natural weather and vehicle loads, which will lead to a decline in their functionality and a shortening of their service life. In particular, the occurrence of quality problems such as cracks. Once encountering rain and snow, water will penetrate into the road and bridge structure along the cracks, thereby accelerating the "scrapping" speed. However, by implementing standardized bridge waterproofing technology operations, the probability of deck leakage problems can be reduced by strengthening the impermeability of the road and bridge. This can reduce the erosion of the engineering structure caused by water, improve the operational stability of the road and bridge project, and prolong its service life to meet the needs of people's safe travel.

1.2 Reducing the Probability of Bridge Deck Damage

The bridge deck is a very important structure in road and bridge engineering, and its flatness is an important quality evaluation index for such projects and an important factor affecting the quality of the traffic environment. By implementing waterproof construction technology, reasonably selecting waterproof materials, and carrying out paving work in a standardized manner, the probability of road surface damage can be effectively reduced, the bridge deck can be effectively protected, and the full play of the traffic function of the road and bridge project can be promoted.

1.3 Ensuring the Safe Operation of Road and Bridge Traffic

From the perspective of transportation development, a high-level road and bridge waterproofing construction technology operation can effectively improve the quality of the project. Once a quality problem occurs in a road and bridge project, it will cause safety accidents of varying degrees and even threaten people's travel safety. Especially the problem of water seepage, this quality problem not only plays a major role, that is, endangering the structural stability, but also plays an auxiliary role, accelerating the deterioration of existing quality problems. In this case, the operational indicators of such projects will continue to decline, resulting in settlement, bumping at the bridgehead, and other problems, greatly increasing the travel risk of people. However, by using reasonable waterproofing technology, the occurrence probability of the above problems can be reduced, and the traffic operation safety can be improved, which has important practical significance for social and economic construction and harmonious development.

2. Technical Key Points of Waterproofing in Bridge Construction

2.1 Bridge Base Treatment

To ensure the quality of road and bridge waterproofing construction, relevant construction personnel should clean up the debris and garbage such as soil and concrete blocks on the bridge deck before the operation, to ensure that there are no phenomena such as dust, floating slurry, sanding, hollowing, cracking, etc. on the bridge deck base, and there should be no sharp protrusions, exposed steel bars, unevenness, etc. The leveling treatment should be done in advance. In addition, the bridge deck base should be treated in strict accordance with the current bridge drainage requirements, and no ponding should be allowed. The chiseling treatment of the yin-yang angle parts should be done well and cleaned, and the cement mortar should be used to make a fillet with a radius of more than 50mm. Moreover, the height of the drain hole should be lower than the surface of the bridge deck, and protective measures such as isolation plates should be taken.

2.2 Waterproof Coating Construction

(1) Deal with special parts properly and control the moisture content of the waterproof coating. When carrying out the waterproof coating spraying work, the construction personnel should carefully handle the special parts such as the roots on both sides of the guardrail and the drain outlet. The technical points are: (1) Brush the waterproof bonding layer, especially in the exposed area of the bridge deck drainpipe and the inside of the guardrail. It is best to adopt the manual operation method; (2) Control the uniformity of the brush coating, and control the spraying thickness of the waterproof coating with reference to the thickness of the subsequent waterproof layer; (3) Check the cleanliness of the inner and outer walls. Ensure that the waterproof coating is evenly applied to the more concealed parts such as the drain outlet after meeting the requirements; (4) Control the moisture content of the waterproof coating, and it should be controlled at 9%.

(2) Set up the bridge deck drainage ditch and carry out the waterproof layer construction in strict accordance with the spraying steps. Before carrying out the waterproof layer construction, the relevant construction personnel should reasonably set up the bridge deck drainage ditch, which can effectively improve the drainage capacity of the road and bridge drainpipe. When carrying out the waterproof layer spraying work, the specific steps are: Roll the paint bucket to eliminate the sediment - Start the spraying equipment - Spray from one end of the bridge to the other end - Wait for it to dry and remove the floating ash - Spray the second layer - Until the spraying of the three layers is completed. Finally, measure the sprayed thickness after drying and control it within the range of 0.4 - 0.5mm.

(3) Take protective measures in a timely manner. To avoid the damage of the bridge deck waterproof layer of the road and bridge, the relevant construction personnel should promptly implement the bridge deck protection measures. Vehicles with a large tonnage are not allowed to pass. Even for small-tonnage vehicles, they should pass after the waterproof layer is dry, and driving operations such as sudden braking, reversing, and turning are not allowed. It should be noted that if the spraying operation cannot be carried out continuously due to certain factors during the waterproof layer construction, when the spraying operation is carried out again, the construction personnel should do a good job of lap treatment to ensure the quality of the bridge deck waterproof layer.

3. Quality Control Measures for Road and Bridge Waterproof Construction Research

3.1 Control the Construction Details According to the Actual Project Situation

Reasonably adjust the size and shape of the steel shot, strictly control the key parameters such as the throwing speed of the steel shot according to the bridge deck pavement situation, and it is best to adopt a linear operation method. In the case of no special phenomena, continuous operations should be carried out. Since some waterproof materials have a strong water volatility, in the actual construction process, factors such as a dry bridge deck may cause bubbles in the bridge deck waterproof layer. At this time, the construction personnel can use a wire brush to break the bubbles, and then spray the coating again to ensure the quality of the bridge deck waterproofing. Among them, the thickness control should be done well to ensure that its parameters meet the construction design requirements.

3.2 Understand the Weather in Advance and Select Waterproof Materials Reasonably

To ensure the smooth and high-quality progress of the road and bridge deck waterproofing construction operations, the construction personnel should understand the weather conditions in advance before carrying out the relevant operations, especially for the projects in the rainy season and in a humid environment. The construction sequence should be flexibly adjusted according to the weather conditions. If it rains and the waterproof layer is not completely cured, it will cause voids, pockmarked surfaces, and other phenomena on the bridge deck. If the bridge deck is not dry enough, it will also form water vapor due to heat, resulting in bulging and other adverse conditions of the bridge deck waterproof layer. Therefore, the construction personnel should understand the weather in advance before the waterproof layer operation, and the operation must be carried out in a dry and sunny weather environment. The construction temperature is preferably between 10 - 30°C, not lower than 5°C, and not higher than 30°C. It is worth noting that for the waterproof layer that is not completely dry, traffic closure and other protective measures should be implemented according to the needs. In addition, in the early stage of the construction process, in order to avoid the occurrence of quality differences between the design and the actual situation of the waterproof materials, it is necessary to strictly control the material entry link, standardize the spot check of waterproof materials, and check the quality report to ensure the construction quality and ensure that the road and bridge deck has good waterproof and anti-leakage functions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the bridge construction link in the road and bridge engineering is the key point, and its construction quality is related to the traffic safety of the road and bridge. The main factor affecting the driving safety of the bridge is the waterproof performance of the bridge deck. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the technical key points of the road and bridge waterproofing construction. Select the appropriate waterproof coating according to the actual situation of the project, and do a good job in shot blasting treatment and waterproof layer operations to strengthen the quality of the bridge deck and meet the safety needs of the later operation.